The most important topics for CBSE Class 12 Physics — Chapters 1 to 4 — aligned with the 2025–26 syllabus and marking scheme:

 

Chapter-Wise Weightage (Theory: 70 Marks)

According to the CBSE 2025 board exam blueprint, the theoretical marks are distributed as follows for Chapters 1–4:

Chapter	Title	Marks
1	Electric Charges and Fields	5
2	Electrostatic Potential & Capacitance	5
3	Current Electricity	6
4	Moving Charges & Magnetism	6
Total	Chapters 1–4	22 marks

These four chapters collectively account for 22 out of 70 marks, making them high-priority areas for preparation. CollegeDekho

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Chapter 1: Electric Charges & Fields

Key Topics:

• Coulomb’s Law — vector form and interactions between multiple charges

• Electric Field — concepts, field lines, and field of point charges

• Continuous Charge Distribution

• Electric Dipole — behavior in external fields, axial and equatorial components

• Gauss’s Law — formulation and practical applications Aakash InstituteiSchoolConnectVedantu

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Chapter 2: Electrostatic Potential & Capacitance

Key Topics:

• Electrostatic Potential — potential due to point charges and systems

• Equipotential Surfaces

• Electric Potential Energy

• Capacitance — parallel-plate capacitors and combinations

• Dielectrics & Polarization — effects on capacitance

• Energy Stored in Capacitors Aakash InstituteiSchoolConnectVedantu

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Chapter 3: Current Electricity

Key Topics:

• Electric Current, Ohm’s Law, and its limitations

• Resistance and Resistivity, including temperature dependence

• Cells, EMF, Internal Resistance, series and parallel configurations

• Kirchhoff’s Rules — for circuit analysis

• Wheatstone Bridge, Meter Bridge, and Potentiometer applications Aakash InstituteiSchoolConnect

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Chapter 4: Moving Charges & Magnetism

Key Topics:

• Magnetic Force on a moving charge and current-carrying conductor

• Motion in Magnetic & Combined Electric/Magnetic Fields (e.g., velocity selector, cyclotron)

• Biot–Savart Law — magnetic field due to current elements and loops

• Ampere’s Circuital Law

• Force Between Parallel Currents

• Torque on Current Loops, Moving Coil Galvanometer principles Aakash InstituteiSchoolConnectVedantu

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Why These Chapters Matter

• Foundational Concepts: These chapters lay the groundwork for advanced topics like electromagnetic induction, optics, and modern physics.

• High Marks Contribution: Together, they contribute over 30% of the total theory marks.

• Core for Ahead Topics: A deep understanding will simplify learning for subsequent chapters and exam readiness.

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Effective Preparation Strategy

1. Master Key Derivations
   Focus on step-by-step derivations like:

   • Electric field of a dipole

   • Capacitance and energy in a capacitor

   • Application of Kirchhoff’s rules

   • Biot–Savart law calculations

2. Visual Learning Through Diagrams
   Practice essential diagrams:

   • Field lines (point charges, dipoles)

   • Circuit diagrams (Wheatstone bridge, galvanometer setup)

   • Magnetic field patterns (loops, conductors)

3. Solve Numerical Problems
   Build accuracy with numericals involving:

   • Capacitors, circuits

   • Magnetic forces

   • Potential and field calculations

4. Use NCERT Rigorously
   Since CBSE exams align closely with NCERT, ensure mastery of NCERT examples and exercises.

5. Practice Blueprint-Aligned Questions
   Solve past papers and sample papers targeting:

   • MCQs, short-answer, long-answer

   • Case-based or competency-based questions per the new exam format