Human Health And Disease ; Class 12th ; NEET based questions and Weightage+ Full chapter Explanation

Introduction 

In this chapter we discuss about Health, Physical and Social activities and Disease which effect normal body functioning.

Weightage of this chapter in NEET

  • 4-5 questions every year
  • Approx 16- 20 marks in NEET 

Weightage 

  • Around 10% of biology section

Boards Weightage 

This chapter come under " Biology in Human Welfare" unit

Approx weightage : 
  • 5-8 marks in CBSC board 
  • 10-12 marks in Karnataka state board
Digrams + immunity + AIDS = most important for boards 

1. Introduction 

  • Health = State of complete physical, emotional , mental and Social well being.
  • Disease = Condition that affects normal body functioning.
💡Good Health depends on :
  • Balanced diet 
  • Hygiene
  • Exercise 
  • Vaccination 

2. TYPES OF DISEASE.

NCERT Digrams you can get in this link 🔗 

🌀Infectious Disease 

Caused by pathogen : 
  • Bacteria 
  • Virus
  • Fungi 
  • Protozoa
Spread from one person to another person 

🌀Non Infectious Disease 

  • Cancer
  • Diabetes
  • Genetic Disorder 

3. Common Human Disease 

A. Malaria 🦟 ( very important)

Digram : Life cycle of Plasmodium 
Pathogen: Plasmodium

Vector : Female Anopheles mosquito 

Symptoms: 
  • Fever 
  • Chills 
  • Headache
Important Term : 
Haemozoin  pigment 

B. Typhoid 

Pathogen : Salmonella Typhi

Test : Widal Test

Symptoms: 
  • High fever 
  • Weekness
  • Stomach pain

C. Pneumonia 

Pathogen : Streptococcus Pneumoniae 

Affects : Alveoli of Lungs

D. Common Cold 

Pathogen : Rhinovirus

Symptoms 
  • Sneezing 
  • Nasal Congestion 

4. Immunity (most Important)

Digram : Types of Immunity 

💡Innate immunity 

  • Present from birth.
Types :
  • Physical barriers
  • Cellular barriers
  • Psychological barriers

💡Acquired immunity 

  • Develops After infection / vaccination 
Types: 
  • Active immunity 
  • Passive immunity

👊 Antibodies 

Digram : Antibodies Structure 

Produced by B-Lymphocytes

Shape: Y- Shaped protein 

5. Vaccination and Immunization 

Digram : Vaccination process

Vaccine contains weakened pathogen 

Benifits: 
  • Memory cell form
  • Long term protection 

6. AIDS (Very Very Important)

Digram: HIV Structure 

Full Form : Acquired immuno deficiency Syndrome 

Virus : HIV

Attacks : Helper T-Lymphocytes

Transmission: 
  • Unsafe sex
  • Infected Blood
  • Mother to Child
Prevention:
  • Safe sex
  • Safe blood transfusion 
  • Sterilized needles

7. Cancer (⭐)

Digram : Cancer cell formation 
  • Causes : 
  • Carcinogens 
  • Smoking
  • Radiations
Important terms:
  • Oncogenes
  • Tumor
Cancer detection:
  • Biopsy
  • MRI
  • CT scan

8. Drug and Alcohol Abuse ⭐

Digram : Drug Abuse Effects

Harmful Effects : 
  • Mental Disorder
  • Liver damage
  • Addiction
Adolescents are more vulnerable 

Most important Topics For NEET 

  1. Immunity ( innate vs acquired 
  2. AIDS
  3. Cancer
  4. Vaccination 
  5. Malaria Life cycle
  6. Pneumonia and Typhoid 
  7. Drug abuse

Most Expected Questions

Theory Questions 
  1. Explain innate immunity 
  2. Describe AIDS transmission and prevention 
  3. Explain malaria Life cycle 
  4. What is vaccination 
  5. Explain causes of cancer 

Digram Questions

  • HIV Structure 
  • Antibody Structure 
  • Plasmodium Life cycle
  • Types of immunity























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