Pneumonia Detailed Notes with Medicine given by doctor

 Introduction to Pneumonia 

Pneumonia is an infection of the lungs in which :

  • Air sacs (alveoli) become inflamed
  • Fluid or pus collected in the lungs 
This cause difficulty in breathing and reduced oxygen supply .

Pneumonia can be caused by 
  1. Bacteria 
  2. Virus
  3. Fungi 

Types of pneumonia 

1. Bacterial pneumonia 

Most commonly caused by :
  • Streptococcus Pneumonia 

2. Viral Pneumonia 

Caused by virus such as :
  • Coronavirus 
  • Influenza virus

3. Fungal pneumonia 

Occurs mainly in people with week immunity 

4. Aspiration Pneumonia 

Occurs when food, vomit, or liquid enters the lungs.

Symptoms of Pneumonia 

  • Fever 
  • Cough
  • Sputum production
  • Chest pain
  • Shortness of breath 
  • Chills 
  • fatigue 
  • Rapid Breathing 
Severe Symptoms 
  • Cyanosis (Blue lips)
  • Confusion 
  • Low oxygen saturation 

Causes and Risk Factors 

  • Smoking
  • Week immunity 
  • Old age
  • Chronic lung disease 
  • Diabeties mellitus 
  • Malnutrition 
  • Respiratory infection 

Investigations 

Test Purpose
Chest X-ray  Confirm Lung infection 
Sputum examination  identify Organisms 
CBC detect infection 
Oxygen saturation  Assess oxygen level
Blood culture Detect bloodstream culture 

Medicines Given by doctor

Antibiotics of bacterial Pneumonia 

  1. Amoxicillin 
  2. Azithromycin 
  3. Ceftriaxone
Other medicines
  • Paracetamol: used for Fever
  • Salbutamol: May be used when Wheezing is present 

How to control pneumonia 

General care
  • Adequate Rest
  • Drink plenty of fluids 
  • Complete prescribed medicines
  • Maintain nutrition 
Prevention 
  • Hand hygiene 
  • Stop smoking 
  • Vaccination 
  • Avoid close contact with infected persons 

Vaccination for Pneumonia 

Pneumococcal vaccine 

Influenza Vaccine 

Help reduce risk of severe Pneumonia 

Complications of Pneumonia 

  • Respiratory failure
  • Pleural effusion 
  • Lung abscess
  • Sepsis
  • Low oxygen level

Important Viva Questions 

1. What is Pneumonia 
An infection causing inflammation of lung tissues 

2. What is common Symptoms of Pneumonia 
Fever with cough and sputum

3. Which investigation commonly confirm Pneumonia ?
Chest X-ray 

4. Name one antibiotic used for Pneumonia 
Amoxicillin 

5. Is Pneumonia contagious?
Some infectious types can spread through droplets

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